praefica's fore-wings are paler and lack the blurry white stripe. It is similar in appearance to Spodoptera ornithogalli, but S. As of 4 October 2021 it is absent from the EPPO ( European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) area, but is considered a high risk for invasion there. IPM is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques, such as cultural practices, biological control, host plant resistance, chemical control, pheromone traps, habitat manipulation, modification of, use of resistant varieties and diversification of farming systems.Spodoptera praefica, the western yellow-striped armyworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae found from British Columbia to California, east to Utah, and north to Alberta.

Infestations during the mid- to late-whorl stage of maize development caused yield losses of 15-73%. Fall armyworm larvae feed on young whorls, ears, and tassels causing substantial damage to maize crops. Larger fall armyworm larvae consume large amounts of leaf tissue resulting in a ragged appearance to the leaves similar to grasshopper damage. The armyworm's diet consists mainly of grasses and small-grain crops such as corn, but the species has been noted to consume over 80 different plants. The life cycle is completed in about 30 days during the summer, but 60 days in the spring and autumn, and 80 to 90 days during the winter. However, on Maize, fall armyworm is a secondary pest after the European corn borer. Fall Armyworm is a migratory insect pest known to cause massive destruction of maize crops under warm and humid conditions.

The first reports of outbreaks of the Fall Armyworm in Africa come from several West and Central African countries and are rapidly spreading throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the continent. The Spodoptera genus has 31 species in the world of this species Spodoptera frugiperda is native to the Americas continent and 8 species are in African continent. The fall armyworm scientific name is Spodoptera frugiperda, which is a moth – a polyphagous pest that originates from the tropical regions of the United States, Argentina, and the Caribbean region. ABSTRACT The objective of this seminar is to review and understand the effects of fall army on maize and its management.

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